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Description
Rat pf1 ELISA KitProduct Specification Usage Required experimental equipment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High precision pipettes and pipette tips: 0. 5 10uL, 5 50uL, 20 200uL, 200 1000uL 3. 37C incubator 4. Distilled or deionized water Sample preparation and requirements: Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre chilled PBS (0. 01M, pH 7. 4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh and
Product Specification
| Usage | Required experimental equipment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High-precision pipettes and pipette tips: 0.5-10uL, 5-50uL, 20-200uL, 200-1000uL 3. 37°C incubator 4. Distilled or deionized water Sample preparation and requirements: Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre-chilled PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh and mince the tissue. Add the minced tissue to the appropriate volume of PBS (generally a 1:9 weight-to-volume ratio, e.g., 1g of tissue sample to 9mL of PBS. The specific volume can be adjusted according to experimental needs and recorded. It is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS) in a glass homogenizer and grind thoroughly on ice. To further lyse tissue cells, the homogenate can be sonicated or repeatedly frozen and thawed. Finally, centrifuge the homogenate at 5000×g for 5-10 minutes, and collect the supernatant for analysis. Cell Lysis Buffer: Gently wash adherent cells with pre-chilled PBS, then trypsinize and collect the cells by centrifugation at 1000×g for 5 minutes. Suspension cells can be collected directly by centrifugation. Wash the collected cells three times with pre-chilled PBS and resuspend in 150-200 μL of PBS per 1×10^6 cells (it is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS; if the cell count is very low, reduce the PBS volume appropriately). Disrupt the cells by repeated freezing and thawing or sonication. Centrifuge the extract at 1500×g for 10 minutes at 2-8°C, and collect the supernatant for analysis. Cell Culture Supernatant: Centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes. Collect the supernatant for analysis, or store at -20°C or -80°C, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Other biological fluids: Centrifuge at 1000xg for 20 minutes, remove the supernatant, and test. Pre-test preparation: 1. Remove the test kit from the refrigerator 10 minutes in advance and equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Prepare the standard gradient working solution: Add 1 mL of universal diluent to the lyophilized standard, let it stand for 15 minutes to completely dissolve, then gently mix (concentration is 10 ng/mL). Then dilute to the following concentrations: 10 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 2.5 ng/mL, 1.25 ng/mL, 0.625 ng/mL, 0.3125 ng/mL, 0.15625 ng/mL, and 0 ng/mL. Serial dilution method: Take seven EP tubes and add 500uL of universal diluent to each. Pipette 500uL of the 10ng/mL standard working solution into the first EP tube and mix thoroughly to make a 5ng/mL standard working solution. Repeat this procedure for subsequent tubes. The last tube serves as a blank well; there is no need to pipette liquid from the penultimate tube. See the figure below for details. 3. Preparation of biotinylated detection antibody working solution: Centrifuge the concentrated biotinylated antibody at 1000×g for 1 minute 15 minutes before use. Dilute the 100× concentrated biotinylated antibody to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10uL concentrate + 990uL universal diluent). Prepare and use immediately. 4. Prepare the enzyme conjugate working solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the 100× concentrated enzyme conjugate at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated HRP enzyme conjugate to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10 μL of concentrate + 990 μL of universal diluent). Prepare immediately. 5. Prepare the 1× wash solution: Dispense 10 mL of 20× wash solution into 190 mL of distilled water (concentrated wash solution removed from the refrigerator may crystallize; this is normal. Allow to stand at room temperature until the crystals have completely dissolved before preparing). Procedure: 1. Remove the desired strips from the aluminum foil bag after equilibration at room temperature for 10 minutes. Seal the remaining strips in a ziplock bag and return to 4°C. 2. Sample addition: Add 100 μL of sample or standard of varying concentrations to the corresponding wells. Add 100 μL of universal diluent to the blank wells. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. (Recommendation: Dilute the sample to be tested at least 1-fold with universal diluent before adding it to the ELISA plate. This will reduce the impact of matrix effects on the test results. The sample concentration should be multiplied by the corresponding dilution factor when calculating the final sample concentration. It is recommended to run replicates for all test samples and standards.) 3. Add Biotinylated Antibody: Remove the ELISA plate and discard the liquid without washing. Add 100 μL of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution directly to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. 4. Wash: Discard the liquid and add 300 μL of 1x Wash Solution to each well. Let stand for 1 minute, shake off the wash solution, and pat dry on absorbent paper. Repeat this process three times (a plate washer can also be used). 5. Add Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution: Add 100 μL of Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. 6. Washing: Discard the liquid and wash the plate five times as in step 4. 7. Adding substrate: Add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, cover with a sealing film, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 15 minutes. 8. Adding stop solution: Remove the ELISA plate and add 50 μL of stop solution directly to each well. Immediately measure the OD value of each well at a wavelength of 450 nm. Calculating experimental results: 1. Calculate the average OD value of the standard and sample replicates and subtract the OD value of the blank well as a correction factor. Plot the standard curve of the four-parameter logistic function on double-logarithmic graph paper, with concentration as the horizontal axis and OD value as the vertical axis. 2. If the sample OD value is higher than the upper limit of the standard curve, dilute the sample appropriately and retest. Multiply the sample concentration by the corresponding dilution factor. |
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| Theory | This kit utilizes a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample, standard, biotin-labeled detection antibody, and HRP conjugate are sequentially added to microwells pre-coated with perforin 1 (pf1) capture antibody. After incubation and washing, the sample is developed using the substrate TMB. TMB is converted to blue by peroxidase (HRP) catalysis and to yellow by acid. The intensity of the color is positively correlated with the amount of perforin 1 (pf1) in the sample. The absorbance (OD) is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader to calculate the sample concentration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | Rat | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym | Rat Perforin 1 ELISA Kit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Detection Type | Double antibody sandwich method | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | Perforin-1 is a protein encoded by the PRF1 gene. Perforin is a pore-forming cytolytic protein found in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer cells (NK cells). During degranulation, perforin molecules are transferred to target cells with the help of calmodulin, a chaperone protein that protects perforin from degradation. Perforin then binds to the target cell's plasma membrane via membrane phospholipids. Phosphatidylcholine binds to calcium ions, increasing perforin's affinity for the membrane. The resulting pores allow a family of pro-apoptotic proteases, known as granzymes, to passively diffuse into the target cell. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Strictly adhere to the specified incubation time and temperature to ensure accurate results. All reagents must be at room temperature (20-25°C) before use. Refrigerate reagents immediately after use. 2. Improper plate washing may result in inaccurate results. Ensure that all liquid in the wells is aspirated thoroughly before adding substrate. Do not allow the wells to dry out during incubation. 3. Remove any residual liquid and fingerprints from the bottom of the plate, as this will affect the OD value. 4. The substrate developer solution should be colorless or very light in color. Do not use substrate solution that has turned blue. 5. Avoid cross-contamination of reagents and specimens to prevent erroneous results. 6. Avoid direct exposure to strong light during storage and incubation. 7. Do not expose any reagents to bleaching solvents or the strong fumes emitted by bleaching solvents. Any bleaching agent will destroy the biological activity of the reagents in the kit. 8. Do not use expired products, and do not mix components with different product numbers and batches. 9. Recombinant proteins from sources other than the kit may not be compatible with the antibodies in this kit and will not be recognized. 10. If there is a possibility of disease transmission, all samples should be managed properly and samples and testing devices should be handled according to prescribed procedures. |
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| Storage Temp. | If the unopened kit is stored at 4°C, the shelf life is 6 months. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 0.15-10 ng/mL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applications | Tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernatants, and other biological fluids |
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★★★★★ 5
Comfortable and Affordable
Color: Black
I normally dislike chairs like this, but with the budget I had I had to go with something more affordable. It is perfect and love how the handles go up to make a little bit more flush with the desk giving me some more room. The cushion is amazing, lumbar support is perfect for me. Very stable and I sometimes almost catch myself reclining back and wanting to fall asleep. Quality sturdy materials make it easy to attach any additional neck accessories to the chair. 10/10 would recommend.
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Reviewed in the United States on April 2, 2026
★★★★★ 4
Comfortable and Stylish Office Chair
Color: Black
The NEO Chair Office Desk Chair Computer High Back is a great addition to my workspace. It was easy to assemble and feels sturdy once put together. The high back provides good support, especially during long hours at my desk. The cushioning is comfortable, and the chair rolls smoothly without any issues. Overall, it looks professional and offers solid comfort for the price.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 28, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Perfect for College Students!
Color: Grey
I first bought this chair back in August of 2023. I used it nearly everyday for several hours. The chair just broke recently- the metal frame bent on the bottom of the chair (probably due to long term sitting and leaning to one side). This a great chair for college students looking for a more affordable but comfortable chair. The wheels move nice and smooth, the arm rests move up and down, and the back mesh of the chair is supportive, comfortable and breathable. To me, the seat of the chair is slightly bigger than a normal desk chair. It reclined decently far back and had a wide range of height adjustments. I just reordered this chair because I love it so much! I recommend this for anyone looking for a affordable, but comfortable desk chair!
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Reviewed in the United States on January 6, 2026
★★★★★ 5
as great as any 400 $ chair for so much less
Color: Black
This chair is wonderful. Easy to assemble, great home office size, not to overwhelming, very soft seating , great back support, adjustable in height and back. This chair meets all the expectation of a great chair.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 19, 2026
★★★★★ 5
This is the chair! Stop looking! You found it!
Color: Grey
Seriously, it's just a great chair.
It's comfy, it works, it's well made and it's a fantastic price. I picked this up after trying a "criss cross" style chair that simply was NOT working for everyday, all day home office work. This chair is great and I love that the arms can go up, which turns it into a great art chair as well! The back support is solid, although it's not cushioned at all so you may find putting a little lumbar pillow will help (it hasn't bothered me but over time the elasticity of the mesh has worn a bit)
It was very easy to put together and I've been using it everyday, for 8-10 hours a day for several months now. For price you can't beat it. It's also wide enough of a seat I can sit cross crossed.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 26, 2025
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